南京市降水化学特征及其来源研究

Chemical characteristics and potential sources of precipitation in Nanjing

摘要:

为了解南京江北地区降水化学特征,分析了2011年3—6月共25个降水日的109个降水样品中的主要水溶性离子,并利用后向轨迹模式探讨了降水气团来源.结果表明:1)南京地区3—6月降水主要受南、北2种气团影响,北方气团降水的主要离子浓度高于南方气团降水.2)海盐示踪法和相关性分析显示,降水中NO₃^-和SO₄^2-主要来自燃煤、工业排放和汽车尾气;Ca²⁺主要来自地壳源;Cl^-主要来自海洋;海洋源和陆源对Mg²⁺和K⁺都有贡献,Mg²⁺的陆源贡献大于海洋源贡献,K⁺受海洋源的影响程度要低于Mg²⁺.3)南、北气团初期降水的各离子浓度高于总降水的各离子浓度,且初期降水的主要离子的富集系数高于总降水.这说明在降水初始阶段,雨水对南京大气中污染物(气态污染物和颗粒物)的云下冲刷去除作用较强,降水的离子浓度最高,局地源对降水离子的贡献较明显.

Abstract:

Total 109 precipitation samples were collected in north suburb of Nanjing from March to June 2011.In order to investigate the chemistry characteristics of precipitation,the concentration of water-soluble ions were analyzed and the air mass sources of precipitation were also discussed using the back trajectory model.Results show that the precipitation is mainly controlled by southern and northern air masses,and the concentrations of major ions from precipitation of northern air masses are higher than those from southern.The sea salt tracer method and the correlation analysis indicate that NO₃^- and SO₄^2- are mainly from coal burning,industrial emissions and vehicle exhaust emissions.Ca²⁺ and Cl^- mainly derive from crustal and marine sources,respectively.K⁺ and Mg²⁺ are both from marine and terrestrial sources,while the terrestrial contribution of Mg²⁺ is dominant,and the impact of marine on K⁺ is lower than on Mg²⁺.Due to the scavenging process,the concentrations of different ions and the enrichment factors of main ions in the early period of precipitation are higher than those in the whole period of precipitation,which are attributed to the main contribution of local pollution sources.