电线积冰及路面温度研究的新进展

New advances in research on power line icing and pavement temperature

摘要:

2009年起，研究组开展了电线积冰野外观测试验及道路结冰规律的观测研究，将电线积冰观测研究从传统的积冰气象条件和积冰厚度观测提升到了积冰气象条件、积冰厚度加积冰天气云降水微物理综合观测研究的新高度，揭示了积冰发生的微物理机制，研究积冰增长率及其影响因子，建立的积冰增长模型较好地模拟了积冰增长过程。对沥青、水泥、土壤三种下垫面温度进行了观测研究，观测高速公路和桥梁不同路基深度的温度变化，并对桥面比路面更易结冰的现象从能量平衡方面做了理论解释。本文以作者团队取得的成果为主线，不求大而全，学习梳理相关的代表性研究成果，主要包括积冰发生频次的时空分布、积冰天气微物理特征、积冰增长率及其影响因子、积冰气象条件、积冰增长模型构建、道路结冰及积冰数值预报等几个方面，并对电线积冰未来的研究提出了建议。

Abstract:

From January 10th to February 2nd, 2008, four rare low-temperature rain, snow and freezing weather events occurred consecutively in southern China.This disaster was characterized by a wide range, high intensity and long duration, thereby resulting in extremely serious economic losses and casualties.In addition, freezing rain, sleet, supercooled fog and other factors caused serious typical icing and secondary disasters, which in turn led to the lodging of electricity transmission and communication line towers, and interruption of power supply and communication and traffic transportation.Therefore, since 2009, the research team of this paper have carried out field experiments on wire icing and road icing, the results of which have progressed the research of wire icing from the traditional observation of icing meteorological conditions to a new highlight of comprehensive observation research regarding icing meteorological conditions and cloud and precipitation micro physics in icing weather events.The present paper reveals the micro physical mechanism of icing accretion, studies the icing accretion growth rate and its influencing factors, and establishes the icing accretion growth model, so as to better simulate the icing accretion growth process.Furthermore, observations on the temperature of the three underlying surfaces of asphalt, cement and soil and the temperature changes of different subgrade depths of expressways and bridges are carried out, and explanations are made from the perspective of energy balance.Based on the achievements of the research team, this paper studies and organizes the relevant representative research results, including the spatial and temporal distribution of ice accretion frequency, microphysical characteristics of icing weather, growth rate of ice and its influencing factors, meteorological conditions of icing, construction of ice growth model, and law of road icing growth and prediction, and proposes suggestions for the future research of wire icing.